LAMA PAPARAN ARSENIK TERHADAP TUMBUH KEMBANG  ANAK BALITA DI KAWASAN GEOTHERMAL IE SEU’EUM KECAMATAN  MESJID RAYA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

Laura Fitra; Gustiana Gustiana; Salmiani Salmiani; Nurdahliana Nurdahliana; Irnawati Irnawati

doi:10.37104/ithj.v7i1.231

Laura Fitra Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Gustiana Gustiana Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Salmiani Salmiani Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Nurdahliana Nurdahliana Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Irnawati Irnawati Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37104/ithj.v7i1.231

Keywords: Geothermal Arsenic, Stunting, Metalloid Exposure

Abstract

Ie Seu'um is one of the manifestations of hot springs in the Seulawah Agam volcanic system which is located in Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency. This area is a residential, agricultural, livestock and ecotourism area. Analysis of arsenic levels in water and sediment samples in this area was found to be 16 times higher than the quality standard. Water sources used daily by residents are contaminated with arsenic above quality standards. Arsenic is a very toxic metalloid. Exposure to arsenic in the body can have toxic effects on cells and tissues and cause growth and development disorders in children under five. The incidence of stunting among children in Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency exceeds the national average, reaching 25.9%. This research aims to determine the duration of exposure to arsenic on the growth and development of children under five who live in the Ie Seu'um geothermal area. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional research design. The respondents in this study were all 156 children aged 0 - 60 months under five in Ie Seu'eum Village and Meunasah Mon Village, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Regency. Sampling uses purposive sampling technique. Growth was measured by measuring body weight, height and coconut circumference. Development measurement is carried out using the SDITK form. Ethical Clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee (KEPK) of the Aceh Ministry of Health Polytechnic. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of the length of exposure to arsenic on the growth of toddlers, p=0.046. The length of exposure also had an effect on the development of children under five. The length of exposure to arsenic had an effect on the development of toddlers (p=0.039). The longer a toddler is exposed to water contaminated with arsenic, the greater the chance that the toddler will experience growth and development disorders.

Abstrak

Ie Seu’um merupakan salah satu manifestasi mata air panas pada sistem gunung api Seulawah Agam yang terletak di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Kawasan ini dimanfaatkan sebagai area pemukiman, pertanian, peternakan, dan ekowisata. Analisis kadar arsenik pada sampel air, sedimen, dan rambut WUS di daerah manifestasi geotermal Ie Seu’um ditemukan kadar arsenik 16 kali lebih tinggi dari baku mutu. Sumber air yang digunakan sehari-hari oleh penduduk tercemar arsenik di atas baku mutu. Arsenik merupakan metaloid yang sangat beracun. Paparan arsenik pada tubuh dapat menimbulkan efek toksik pada sel dan jaringan dan menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak balita. Kejadian stunting pada anak di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar melebihi rata-rata Nasional, yaitu mencapai 25,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lamanya paparan arsenik terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak balita yang bermukim di Kawasan geothermal Ie Seu’um. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah semua anak balita berumur 0-60 bulan berjumlah 156 anak yang berada di Desa Ie Seu’eum dan Desa Meunasah Mon, Kecamatan Mesjid Raya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Pengambilan Sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran pertumbuhan melalui pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan dan lingkar kelapa. Pengukuran perkembangan dilakukan menggunakan formulir SDITK. Ethical Clearance diperoleh dari Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan (KEPK) Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Terdapat pengaruh lama paparan arsenik terhadap pertumbuhan balita p=0,046, Lama paparan juga berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak balita Lama paparan arsenik berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan balita (p=0,039). Semakin lama balita terpapar dengan air yang tercemar arsenik, semakin besar kemungkinagn mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.

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